Heat Pump Electricity Consumption in Luxembourg: kWh per Year, Running Costs and Optimisation 2026
By Yacine Sahnoune, founder of renov.lu
In Luxembourg, an air-to-water heat pump uses on average 35 to 50 kWh of electricity per m² per year, i.e. 3,500 to 5,100 kWh for a 100 m² house. With the average electricity price at around €0.258/kWh including VAT in 2026 (after a reduction of around 8 cents/kWh including VAT thanks to Luxembourg State aid), that works out at a heating bill of €900 to €1,320 per year for 100 m² — roughly half to two-thirds of the cost of a gas or oil boiler. This page gives you all the figures, the calculation formulas and practical levers for cutting your electricity bill in the Grand Duchy.
- Annual consumption: an air-to-water heat pump uses 3,500–5,100 kWh of electricity a year for a 100 m² house (CPE class C/D, heating only), i.e. €900–1,320 a year.
- Price per kWh in 2026: about €0.258/kWh including VAT in Luxembourg (€0.24–0.28/kWh for 7,000–13,000 kWh a year), since the State took over part of the grid charges.
- Compared with gas and oil: for 15,000 kWh of heat a year, an air-to-water heat pump costs about €1,020, compared with €1,500–1,700 for gas and €1,600–1,900 for heating oil.
- Winter: December, January and February account for 50–60% of annual consumption, i.e. 700–1,200 kWh a month for a 100 m² house in CPE class C.
- Domestic hot water: if the heat pump also heats your water, add about 800–1,500 kWh a year, i.e. €200–390.
- Flow temperature: the SCOP reaches 4.0–4.5 at 35°C (underfloor heating) but drops to 2.8–3.3 at 55°C; each extra degree costs 2–3% of COP.
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How to calculate a heat pump’s electricity consumption
A heat pump’s electricity consumption depends on two key parameters: your home’s heat demand (in kWh of heat) and the SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance), i.e. your unit’s average efficiency over the year.
The formula is simple:
Electricity consumption (kWh) = Annual heat demand (kWh) ÷ SCOP
Example: a well-insulated 120 m² house in Luxembourg has a heat demand of 12,000 kWh/year. With an air-to-water heat pump rated at a SCOP of 4.0, it will use 12,000 ÷ 4.0 = 3,000 kWh of electricity.
COP vs SCOP: what’s the difference?
The COP (Coefficient of Performance) is measured in the laboratory under fixed conditions (e.g. outdoor air at +7°C, flow water at 35°C). It is the figure shown on the manufacturer’s datasheet. The SCOP, by contrast, reflects real-world performance over the whole heating season, taking into account varying temperatures, defrost cycles and start-up phases. It is the SCOP you should use as the basis for calculating annual consumption.
In Luxembourg, the climate corresponds to the average climate of the EN 14825 standard, which defines three reference climates (average, warmer, colder). SCOP values stated for the warmer climate are higher than those for the average climate: use the average-climate value on the data sheet, and expect a real-world SCOP that is often slightly lower than this certified value.
Estimating your home’s heat demand
For space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) combined, Luxembourg benchmarks based on the energy performance certificate (CPE) class give the following ranges:
| CPE class | Estimated heat demand | Typical profile |
|---|---|---|
| A/B | 60–100 kWh/m²/year | New build, passive house |
| C | 100–130 kWh/m²/year | Well-insulated house built 2000–2010 |
| D | 130–170 kWh/m²/year | 1990s house, partly insulated |
| E/F | 170–250 kWh/m²/year | Older, unrenovated house |
A heat pump generally covers only space heating and sometimes DHW — it does not replace the electricity you use for everyday living (lighting, household appliances). When doing your calculations, keep the heat pump’s consumption separate from the rest of your electricity bill.
Consumption table by floor area and heat pump type — Luxembourg 2026
These estimates assume a home with standard insulation (CPE class C/D), space heating only (no DHW), in Luxembourg’s climate (the average climate of EN 14825). They match the ranges seen by verified partner installers in the Grand Duchy.
Air-to-water heat pump (average SCOP 3.8–4.2)
| Living area | Electricity consumption / year | Annual cost (€0.258/kWh) |
|---|---|---|
| 80 m² | 2,800–4,000 kWh | €720–€1,030 |
| 100 m² | 3,500–5,100 kWh | €900–€1,320 |
| 120 m² | 4,200–6,100 kWh | €1,080–€1,570 |
| 150 m² | 5,200–7,500 kWh | €1,340–€1,940 |
| 200 m² | 7,000–10,000 kWh | €1,800–€2,580 |
Ground-source heat pump (average SCOP 4.5–5.5)
| Living area | Electricity consumption / year | Annual cost (€0.258/kWh) |
|---|---|---|
| 80 m² | 1,800–2,700 kWh | €465–€700 |
| 100 m² | 2,200–3,500 kWh | €570–€900 |
| 150 m² | 3,300–5,200 kWh | €850–€1,340 |
| 200 m² | 4,300–7,000 kWh | €1,110–€1,800 |
If your heat pump also produces domestic hot water, add around 800 to 1,500 kWh/year depending on the size of your household (2 to 4 people), i.e. an extra €200 to €390 a year at Luxembourg’s 2026 rates.
Electricity prices in Luxembourg in 2026: what a heat pump owner pays
In 2026, Luxembourg offers a particularly favourable electricity context for heat pumps. The price structure has undergone two major changes:
Since 1 January 2026, the Luxembourg State has been covering part of the grid charges (law of 19 December 2025, bill No. 8596) and the contribution to the compensation mechanism, with a total budget of €150 million for 2026. According to the government, these two measures cut the price for a typical household (3,900 kWh/year) by an average of 7.4 cents/kWh (grid charges: −3.8 cents; compensation mechanism: −3.6 cents). Without this state support, electricity would have reached 33.9 cents/kWh including VAT; with it, the all-in price comes to around 25.8 cents/kWh for a reference household, i.e. 8.1 cents/kWh less, VAT included. At the same time, Enovos, the country’s largest supplier, cut its prices by 2.5 cents/kWh from January 2026 (Naturstroum Home Mono tariff: €0.132/kWh excl. VAT, i.e. around €0.143/kWh incl. VAT at 8%).
In practice, taking all components into account (energy, grid, taxes, VAT), a household with a heat pump using between 7,000 and 13,000 kWh/year pays in the range of €0.24 to €0.28/kWh all-in, including VAT. This guide uses the midpoint value of €0.258/kWh for its simulations.
| Component | Indicative amount (2026) |
|---|---|
| Energy price (Enovos Naturstroum Mono, excl. VAT) | ~€0.132/kWh |
| Creos grid charges (after state subsidy) | ~€0.080/kWh |
| Taxes (compensation mechanism, electricity tax) | ~€0.010/kWh |
| VAT (8%) | ~€0.018/kWh |
| Indicative total incl. VAT | ~€0.240/kWh |
Since 2025, Luxembourg’s grid tariff has included a new component linked to reference power (expressed in kW, not just in kWh). Households with a high-output heat pump may be placed in a higher power band, which affects the fixed charge. Check with your grid operator (Creos, via my.creos.net) to simulate your actual situation.
Luxembourg’s advantage over its neighbours
In the second half of 2025, France was the only neighbouring country with cheaper electricity than Luxembourg, according to Eurostat data presented to a parliamentary committee. In Germany and Belgium, a kWh remains structurally more expensive for households, which makes heat pumps all the more attractive in the Grand Duchy. Cross-border commuters who work in Luxembourg but live abroad do not benefit from Luxembourg tariffs or grants for their home.
Annual bill in Luxembourg: 4 worked examples
Here are four typical Luxembourg household profiles, with their estimated consumption and running costs.
CPE class A/B. Heat demand: ~9,000 kWh/year (heating + DHW). Estimated real SCOP 4.2. Heat pump consumption: ~2,150 kWh. Heat pump bill: ~€555/year.
CPE class C. Heat demand: ~14,000 kWh/year. Estimated SCOP 3.9. Heat pump consumption: ~3,600 kWh. Heat pump bill: ~€930/year.
CPE class C after renovation. Heat demand: ~17,000 kWh/year. Estimated SCOP 5.0. Heat pump consumption: ~3,400 kWh. Heat pump bill: ~€877/year.
CPE class E. Heat demand: ~22,000 kWh/year. Reduced SCOP estimated at 2.8 (high temperature). Heat pump consumption: ~7,850 kWh. Heat pump bill: ~€2,025/year. This case shows why insulating first matters.
Profile No. 4 shows why Luxembourg’s Klimabonus requires a minimum COP of 3.1 for an air-to-water heat pump (A7/W35 conditions): a heat pump running at high temperature in a poorly insulated home is not very efficient. Improving the building’s thermal performance before or alongside the heat pump installation is the No. 1 lever for cutting consumption.
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Simulate my consumption →Heat pump vs gas, oil and direct electric heating: running cost comparison in Luxembourg
To compare energy sources with different efficiencies fairly, you need to think in terms of cost per kWh of useful heat actually delivered to the home. Here is the calculation for a household needing 15,000 kWh of heat per year — typical for a 130–150 m² Luxembourg house in CPE class C/D.
| Heating system | Efficiency / SCOP | Energy consumed | Estimated annual cost (LU 2026) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air-to-water heat pump Recommended | SCOP 3.8 | 3,950 kWh electricity | ~€1,020 |
| Ground-source heat pump Optimal | SCOP 5.0 | 3,000 kWh electricity | ~€775 |
| Gas condensing boiler | 92% efficiency | 16,300 kWh gas | ~€1,500–€1,700 * |
| Oil condensing boiler | 88% efficiency | ~1,700 litres of heating oil | ~€1,600–€1,900 * |
| Direct electric heating | COP 1.0 | 15,000 kWh electricity | ~€3,870 |
* Natural gas and heating oil prices in Luxembourg, Q1 2026, based on market data. Fossil fuel prices remain volatile.
An air-to-water heat pump therefore saves €500 to €900 a year compared with gas or oil, and €2,850 a year compared with direct electric heating. The Luxembourg government itself confirmed the advantage in its comparison tables for 2025 prices: a new house with a heat pump (7,000 kWh of electricity/year) cost around €410 less per year than a new house heated with gas, and an older house with a heat pump (13,000 kWh of electricity/year) €630 less than with oil and €710 less than with gas.
Unlike gas and heating oil, whose prices track international markets and are subject to a rising carbon tax (CO₂ levy), the price of electricity in Luxembourg is partly supported by local renewable energy, whose marginal cost tends to fall. The running-cost gap in favour of the heat pump should therefore widen over the next decade.
The 6 factors that most affect your heat pump’s electricity consumption
1. The flow temperature of the heating circuit
This is the most decisive factor. An air-to-water heat pump running at a 35°C flow temperature (underfloor heating) achieves a SCOP of 4.0 to 4.5. At 55°C (older radiators), the SCOP drops to 2.8–3.3. At 65–70°C (very old cast-iron radiators), the SCOP can fall below 2.5, making the heat pump barely cost-effective. Golden rule: for each extra degree of flow temperature, the COP falls by around 2 to 3%.
2. Outdoor temperature (specific to Luxembourg)
Luxembourg has mild winters, but with cold spells. The average outdoor temperature over the heating season is between 2°C and 5°C, which suits air-source heat pumps well. During cold snaps (-10°C to -15°C), electricity consumption can double over the period concerned and the electric backup heater may kick in. In practice, these episodes account for less than 5% of annual heating hours in the Grand Duchy.
3. The building’s thermal insulation
A poorly insulated house (CPE class E/F) uses two to three times more heating energy than a well-insulated house of the same size. A heat pump amplifies this gap, because it has to run for longer to make up for heat losses. Investing in insulation (roof, walls, windows) both reduces consumption and improves the SCOP, as the system can run at a lower temperature.
4. Heat pump sizing
An oversized heat pump runs in short cycles (short-cycling), which cuts the real SCOP by 10 to 20% and speeds up compressor wear. An undersized heat pump switches on the electric backup heater too often. Sizing must be based on a heat loss calculation to EN 12831.
5. Domestic hot water (DHW) production
When the heat pump produces DHW, it has to reach 55–60°C to prevent Legionella. These DHW cycles are much less efficient than space heating (COP 2.0 to 2.8). DHW typically accounts for 15 to 25% of the heat pump’s total consumption. Some models manage this intelligently by shifting production to the warmest hours of the day to optimise the COP.
6. Controls and scheduling
Weather compensation (the flow temperature adjusts automatically to the outdoor temperature) is far more efficient than a simple thermostat. Combined with a moderate night setback (1 to 2°C maximum for underfloor heating, 3 to 4°C for radiators), it can cut consumption by a further 8 to 15%.
Heat pump consumption in winter in Luxembourg: what to expect
A heat pump’s consumption is not spread evenly over the year. In the Grand Duchy, the heating season generally runs from mid-October to mid-April, i.e. about 180 days. Consumption is heavily concentrated in December, January and February, which alone account for 50 to 60% of the heat pump’s annual electricity consumption.
In the coldest months, a correctly sized air-to-water heat pump in a 100 m² house (CPE class C) will typically use between 700 and 1,200 kWh per month, adding €180 to €310 a month to your electricity bill at 2026 rates.
| Period | Average outdoor temperature (LU) | Monthly heat pump consumption (100 m², CPE C) |
|---|---|---|
| July–August | +18°C to +20°C | 50–150 kWh (DHW only) |
| October–November | +6°C to +10°C | 250–450 kWh |
| December–February | -1°C to +3°C | 700–1,200 kWh |
| March–April | +5°C to +10°C | 200–400 kWh |
At temperatures below -5°C, some air-to-water heat pumps switch on their electric back-up heater, a resistance element that is less efficient (COP = 1). On a very cold day, this backup can account for 20 to 40% of daily consumption. The latest inverter models push this threshold down to -15°C or even -20°C, and use the backup more sparingly. During a prolonged cold spell in Luxembourg, the extra cost remains limited to a few dozen euros over the whole period.
10 practical ways to reduce your heat pump’s consumption in Luxembourg
Reduce the flow temperature to the minimum you need. Each degree lower improves the COP by 2 to 3%. If your house stays comfortable with a 40°C flow temperature instead of 50°C, you could save 15 to 25% on your consumption.
Weather compensation automatically adjusts the flow temperature to the outdoor temperature. Most modern heat pumps have it built in — check that your installer has switched it on and calibrated it correctly.
With underfloor heating, keep the setback to 1–2°C maximum. Beyond that, reheating the house in the morning uses more than was saved overnight. With radiators, a setback of 3–4°C is still reasonable.
An unbalanced system forces the heat pump to produce more heat to make up for poorly supplied rooms. Balancing — mandatory under Luxembourg’s Klimabonus — can reduce consumption by 5 to 10%.
Programme hot water production for the warmest hours of the day (11:00–15:00), when the outdoor temperature is highest and the COP is better. Avoid heating water at night in winter.
An annual service (cleaning the filters, checking the refrigerant circuit, checking the system pressure) keeps performance at its best. A clogged-up heat pump can lose 10 to 15% of its efficiency.
Together, these two areas often account for 30 to 40% of heat loss. In Luxembourg, the Klimabonus pays flat-rate amounts per m² insulated, capped at 60% of insulation costs, and these can be combined with heat pump grants.
Compare the offers from Enovos, Sudstroum, SUDénergie and Energy Revolt. The right contract (fixed vs dynamic tariff) can save a household with a heat pump several hundred euros a year.
Smart thermostats (compatible with your heat pump) allow fine-grained time scheduling, adapt to your routine and let you monitor consumption in real time. Estimated saving: 8 to 15% of heating consumption.
Running your heat pump during the day on your own solar power significantly reduces the net cost of electricity. An energy management system (EMS) can automatically run the heat pump when there is surplus solar production.
Time-of-use tariffs in Luxembourg: are they worth it for a heat pump?
In Luxembourg, electricity suppliers (Enovos, Sudstroum, SUDénergie, Energy Revolt) offer tariff options that vary with the time of day. The question naturally arises for a household with a heat pump, which is a heavy user of electricity.
The new grid tariff structure (since 2025)
Since 1 January 2025, the grid operator Creos has introduced a new tariff structure based on reference power (kW) rather than solely on volume (kWh). The reform aims to encourage consumers to spread their consumption over time, avoiding simultaneous peaks that would require costly grid investment. Households with a heat pump are directly affected, as these appliances draw a lot of power.
In practical terms, if your heat pump occasionally draws 5 to 10 kW at peak times, this now affects your subscribed reference power. A simulation tool is available on my.creos.net to work out your own situation.
Single-rate vs time-of-use tariff: which should you choose?
✓ Time-of-use tariff: a good fit if…
- You can programme the heat pump to run mainly at night or in the afternoon
- You have underfloor heating (high thermal inertia that lets you shift heating times)
- You have a buffer tank and can store heat produced off-peak
- You can shift >30% of your consumption to off-peak hours
✗ Time-of-use tariff: less suitable if…
- The heat pump has to run continuously to keep the home comfortable (poorly insulated house)
- You have low-inertia radiators (the heat cannot be stored)
- The peak/off-peak price difference offered by your supplier is small (less than 20%)
- Your night-time consumption is already high (other appliances)
For a well-insulated house with underfloor heating, the ideal strategy is to programme the heat pump to preheat the home during off-peak hours (at night or, if your supplier offers it, in the middle of the day), then let the thermal inertia maintain the temperature during peak hours. With a SCOP of 4.0 and a 30% peak/off-peak price difference, the saving can reach €200 to €400/year for a 150 m² house.
Heat pump and solar PV in Luxembourg: the winning combination
Combining a heat pump with solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the most effective ways to reduce net heating costs in Luxembourg. The logic is simple: your PV system produces most of its electricity between 10:00 and 16:00, exactly when the outdoor temperature is at its highest — and therefore when your heat pump runs at its best COP.
How heat pump + PV self-consumption works
By programming your heat pump to run primarily during periods of surplus solar production, you use electricity that costs next to nothing (generated by your own panels) rather than buying it from the grid. An energy management system (EMS) or smart controls built into the heat pump can fully automate this pairing. A heat pump water heater is an ideal candidate for this strategy.
Estimated savings in Luxembourg
For a 6 kWp PV system on a well-oriented roof in Luxembourg, annual output is around 5,400 to 6,000 kWh. If you can direct 30 to 40% of this output to your heat pump (direct self-consumption), that represents 1,600 to 2,400 kWh saved, i.e. a saving of €415 to €620 a year at 2026 grid electricity prices.
In 2026, Luxembourg’s Klimabonus grants also support the installation of solar panels. A heat pump + PV combination can qualify for separate grants that can be combined.
Luxembourg saw record numbers of PV installations in 2024 and 2025 (more than 8,000 new installations a year, with total capacity exceeding 700 MW at the end of 2025). This momentum confirms that the heat pump + PV combination is now the norm for new builds and ambitious renovations in the Grand Duchy.
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Energy savings and renovation
Frequently asked questions about heat pump electricity consumption in Luxembourg
How much electricity does a heat pump use per month in Luxembourg?
It depends on the time of year. In summer (DHW only), a heat pump uses 50 to 150 kWh/month. In winter (December–February), monthly consumption rises to 700–1,200 kWh for a 100 m² house in CPE class C. Over the year, the average is 300 to 450 kWh/month for this profile.
What is the electricity price per kWh for a heat pump in Luxembourg in 2026?
In 2026, the all-in price (energy + grid + taxes + 8% VAT) is between €0.24 and €0.28/kWh for a household using between 7,000 and 13,000 kWh/year. The commonly used reference value is €0.258/kWh. Thanks to state aid (€150 million in 2026 for grid charges and the compensation mechanism), the price has fallen by around 10% compared with 2025 for a typical household using 3,900 kWh/year.
How do I calculate my heat pump’s electricity consumption?
Use the formula: Consumption (kWh) = Annual heat demand (kWh) ÷ SCOP. For example, with a heat demand of 15,000 kWh and a SCOP of 4, electricity consumption is 3,750 kWh. To estimate your heat demand, multiply your living area by 60 to 250 kWh/m²/year depending on your CPE class (from A/B to E/F, see the table above).
Does a heat pump use more energy than a gas boiler?
In kWh of electricity, yes — a heat pump uses electricity where a gas boiler uses gas. But in terms of cost, an air-to-water heat pump is around 30 to 40% cheaper to run than a gas boiler in Luxembourg in 2026. It produces 3 to 5 kWh of heat for every 1 kWh of electricity, whereas a boiler produces around 0.92 kWh of heat for every 1 kWh of gas consumed.
Will my electricity meter need changing when I install a heat pump?
In most cases, your existing meter is sufficient. However, if your current installation is rated at 40 A, your installer may recommend upgrading to 50 A or 65 A for a high-output heat pump (>10 kW). They will also advise you on the reference power under Creos’s new 2025 grid tariff, which has a direct impact on the fixed grid charge. Luxembourg installers often recommend supplying the heat pump from a dedicated circuit with its own meter.
Does a ground-source heat pump really use less electricity than an air-to-water heat pump?
Yes, significantly less. Thanks to a stable heat source (the ground, at 8–12°C all year round in Luxembourg), a ground-source heat pump achieves a SCOP of 4.5 to 5.5, compared with 3.5 to 4.5 for an air-to-water heat pump. For a 150 m² house, this typically means 1,500 to 2,500 kWh/year less electricity, i.e. a saving of €390 to €645/year. This gain has to be weighed against the higher installation cost (vertical boreholes: €30,000 to €40,000 before grants).
What happens when it gets very cold in Luxembourg? Does the heat pump stop working?
No, a modern air-to-water heat pump does not stop during cold spells. Current inverter models operate down to -20°C. However, the COP drops sharply below -5°C (COP 2.0 to 2.5), and the electric backup heater may kick in on non-inverter heat pumps. In Luxembourg, these episodes are rare and short (a few days a year), and their impact on the annual bill remains moderate — in the order of €50 to €150 extra over the whole season.
Does the Klimabonus take electricity consumption into account when calculating grants?
No, Luxembourg’s Klimabonus is a fixed flat-rate amount that does not depend on actual electricity consumption. It depends on the type of heat pump (air-to-water or ground-source), the minimum certified COP (3.1 for air-to-water at A7/W35, 4.3 for ground-source at B0/W35) and the context (new build or replacement of a fossil-fuel boiler). You can use the Klima-Agence simulator (aides.klima-agence.lu) to estimate your exact grant.
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