Heat Pump Electricity Consumption in Luxembourg: kWh, Costs and Optimisation 2026
In Luxembourg, an air-to-water heat pump consumes on average 35 to 55 kWh of electricity per m² per year, i.e. 3,500 to 5,500 kWh for a 100 m² house. With the average electricity price at around €0.258/kWh all taxes included in 2026 (after the State subsidy of 7.4 ct/kWh), this represents a heating bill of €900 to €1,400 per year for 100 m² — two to three times less than a gas or oil boiler. This page gives you all the figures, calculation formulas and concrete levers to cut your energy bill in the Grand Duchy.
How to calculate heat pump electricity consumption
Heat pump electricity consumption depends on two fundamental parameters: the heating needs of the building (in thermal kWh) and the SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance), i.e. your unit’s average annual efficiency.
The formula is straightforward:
Electricity consumption (kWh) = Annual heating needs (kWh) ÷ SCOP
Example: a well-insulated 120 m² home in Luxembourg has annual heating needs of 12,000 kWh. With an air-to-water heat pump delivering a SCOP of 4.0, electricity consumption will be 12,000 ÷ 4.0 = 3,000 kWh.
COP vs SCOP: what’s the difference?
The COP is measured in laboratory conditions (e.g. outdoor air at +7°C, flow water at 35°C) — it’s the figure on the manufacturer’s datasheet. The SCOP captures real-world performance across the entire heating season, accounting for variable temperatures, defrost cycles and start-up phases. SCOP is the value to use for annual consumption estimates. In Luxembourg’s H1 climate zone (EN 14825), SCOP values are typically 0.2–0.5 points below those for the milder H2 zone.
Consumption table by floor area and heat pump type — Luxembourg 2026
These estimates are based on a property with standard insulation (EPC class C/D), heating only (without DHW), in Luxembourg’s H1 climate zone.
Air-to-water heat pump (average SCOP 3.8 — 4.2)
| Floor area | Annual electricity consumption | Annual cost (€0.258/kWh) |
|---|---|---|
| 80 m² | 2,800 — 4,000 kWh | €720 — €1,030 |
| 100 m² | 3,500 — 5,100 kWh | €900 — €1,320 |
| 150 m² | 5,200 — 7,500 kWh | €1,340 — €1,940 |
| 200 m² | 7,000 — 10,000 kWh | €1,800 — €2,580 |
Geothermal heat pump (average SCOP 4.5 — 5.5)
| Floor area | Annual electricity consumption | Annual cost (€0.258/kWh) |
|---|---|---|
| 100 m² | 2,200 — 3,500 kWh | €570 — €900 |
| 150 m² | 3,300 — 5,200 kWh | €850 — €1,340 |
| 200 m² | 4,300 — 7,000 kWh | €1,110 — €1,800 |
Electricity prices in Luxembourg in 2026: what a heat pump owner pays
Luxembourg in 2026 offers a particularly favourable electricity context for heat pump owners. Since 1 January 2026, the State is covering part of the grid costs through a €150 million envelope (Law 8596), providing an average reduction of 7.4 ct/kWh on a typical household bill. Without this support, the price would have reached 33.9 ct/kWh all-in; with it, the integrated price for a reference household is approximately 25.8 ct/kWh. Enovos, the main supplier, also cut its rates by 2.5 ct/kWh from January 2026. For households consuming between 7,000 and 13,000 kWh/year (typical of a heat pump), the all-in price sits at €0.24–0.28/kWh. This guide uses €0.258/kWh as the central estimate for simulations.
Annual bill in Luxembourg: 4 concrete simulations
Here are four representative Luxembourg household profiles with estimated consumption and costs.
EPC class A/B. Heating needs: ~9,000 kWh/year (heating + DHW). Estimated real SCOP 4.2. HP consumption: ~2,150 kWh. HP bill: ~€555/year.
EPC class C. Needs: ~14,000 kWh/year. Estimated SCOP 3.9. HP consumption: ~3,600 kWh. HP bill: ~€930/year.
EPC class C post-renovation. Needs: ~17,000 kWh/year. Estimated SCOP 5.0. HP consumption: ~3,400 kWh. HP bill: ~€877/year.
EPC class E. Needs: ~22,000 kWh/year. Estimated SCOP 2.8. HP consumption: ~7,850 kWh. HP bill: ~€2,025/year. This case shows the importance of insulation before installation.
Get a personalised estimate of your consumption and annual savings.
Simulate my consumption →Heat pump vs gas, oil and direct electric: cost comparison in Luxembourg
To compare energy sources fairly, you need to look at the cost per kWh of useful heat actually delivered to the home. The following table is based on a household needing 15,000 kWh of heat per year — a typical Luxembourg home of 130–150 m² in EPC class C/D.
| Heating system | Efficiency / SCOP | Energy consumed | Estimated annual cost (LU 2026) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air-to-water HP Recommended | SCOP 3.8 | 3,950 kWh elec. | ~€1,020 |
| Geothermal HP Optimal | SCOP 5.0 | 3,000 kWh elec. | ~€775 |
| Gas condensing boiler | 92% efficiency | 16,300 kWh gas | ~€1,500 — €1,700 |
| Oil condensing boiler | 88% efficiency | ~1,700 litres oil | ~€1,600 — €1,900 |
| Direct electric heating | COP 1.0 | 15,000 kWh elec. | ~€3,870 |
An air-to-water heat pump saves €500 to €900 per year compared to gas or oil, and €2,850 per year versus direct electric heating.
The 6 factors that most influence your heat pump consumption
1. Flow temperature of the heating circuit
This is the most decisive factor. An air-to-water heat pump running at a 35°C flow temperature (underfloor heating) achieves a SCOP of 4.0–4.5. At 55°C (older radiators), SCOP drops to 2.8–3.3. As a rule of thumb, every extra degree of flow temperature reduces COP by approximately 2–3%.
2. Outdoor temperature (Luxembourg-specific)
Luxembourg enjoys mild winters with average heating temperatures of 2°C to 5°C, which is favourable for aerothermal heat pumps. During cold spells (-10°C to -15°C), electricity consumption can double, and the electric backup resistance may engage — but such episodes account for less than 5% of annual heating hours in the Grand Duchy.
3. Building insulation
A poorly insulated home (EPC class E/F) uses two to three times more heating energy than a well-insulated one of the same size. Insulation investment reduces consumption and improves SCOP by allowing lower flow temperatures.
4. Heat pump sizing
An oversized heat pump short-cycles, reducing real SCOP by 10–20%. An undersized one relies too often on the electric backup. Sizing must be based on a heat loss calculation to EN 12831.
5. Domestic hot water (DHW) production
When the heat pump heats DHW, it must reach 55–60°C to prevent legionella — at COP 2.0–2.8, much lower than space heating efficiency. DHW typically accounts for 15–25% of total heat pump consumption.
6. Controls and programming
Weather-compensated control (flow temperature automatically adapts to outdoor temperature) is far more efficient than a simple thermostat, potentially saving 8–15% of consumption when combined with a modest night setback.
Winter consumption in Luxembourg: what to anticipate
Heat pump consumption is not uniform throughout the year. In Luxembourg, the heating season runs roughly from mid-October to mid-April (about 180 days). December, January and February alone account for 50–60% of annual heat pump electricity consumption. During the coldest months, a well-sized air-to-water heat pump in a 100 m² class C home will typically consume 700 to 1,200 kWh per month, adding €180–€310 to your monthly electricity bill at 2026 rates.
Below -5°C, many air-to-water heat pumps activate their electric backup heater (COP = 1), which can represent 20–40% of daily consumption on very cold days. Modern inverter models push this threshold to -15°C or lower. In Luxembourg’s climate, such episodes are rare and add only a few dozen euros over the entire season.
10 concrete levers to reduce your heat pump consumption in Luxembourg
Off-peak electricity tariff in Luxembourg: is it worth it for a heat pump?
Luxembourg energy suppliers (Enovos, Sudstroum, SUDénergie, Energy Revolt) offer time-differentiated tariffs. Since January 2025, Creos has also introduced a reference-power-based network tariff that affects high-power consumers such as heat pumps. You can simulate your personal situation on my.creos.net.
✓ Off-peak tariff: suitable if…
- You can schedule the heat pump to run mainly at night or midday
- You have underfloor heating (high thermal mass to shift heating)
- You have a buffer tank for heat storage
- You can shift >30% of consumption to off-peak hours
✗ Off-peak tariff: less relevant if…
- The heat pump must run continuously (poorly insulated home)
- You have low-inertia radiators (heat cannot be stored)
- The peak/off-peak price differential is below 20%
Heat pump + photovoltaic panels in Luxembourg: the winning combination
Combining a heat pump with photovoltaic panels is one of the most effective strategies to reduce net heating costs in Luxembourg. PV systems produce most of their electricity between 10:00 and 16:00 — exactly when outdoor temperatures are highest and the heat pump operates at its best COP. An energy management system (EMS) can fully automate the coupling. For a 6 kWp PV installation in Luxembourg (annual production ~5,400–6,000 kWh), directing 30–40% of output to the heat pump saves approximately 1,600–2,400 kWh/year, or €415–€620/year at 2026 grid rates. Luxembourg’s Klimabonus supports both heat pumps and PV panels with cumulative grants.
Calculate your consumption and get a personalised quote
Our simulator gives you an accurate estimate of annual consumption and expected savings based on your property. Then get up to 3 free quotes from certified installers in Luxembourg.
More about heat pumps
Frequently asked questions about heat pump electricity consumption in Luxembourg
How much electricity does a heat pump use per month in Luxembourg?
It varies by season. In summer (DHW only), a heat pump uses 50–150 kWh/month. In winter (December–February), monthly consumption rises to 700–1,200 kWh for a 100 m² class C home. The annual monthly average for this profile is 300–450 kWh/month.
What is the electricity price for a heat pump in Luxembourg in 2026?
The all-in price (energy + grid + taxes + 17% VAT) sits between €0.24 and €0.28/kWh for households consuming 7,000–13,000 kWh/year. The reference value used in this guide is €0.258/kWh. Thanks to the State’s €150M grid subsidy, prices fell approximately 10% from 2025 for a typical household.
Does a heat pump consume more electricity than a gas boiler?
In kWh of electricity, yes — but in cost, a heat pump is 30–50% cheaper to run than a gas boiler in Luxembourg in 2026. It produces 3–5 kWh of heat per kWh of electricity, while a gas boiler produces ~0.92 kWh of heat per kWh of gas.
What happens when it’s very cold in Luxembourg? Does the heat pump stop?
No. Modern inverter heat pumps operate down to -20°C. COP drops significantly below -5°C (to 2.0–2.5), and the electric backup heater may engage on older non-inverter models. In Luxembourg, cold spells are rare and short, adding only €50–€150 over the whole season.
Take action — get your personalised estimate
Every home is unique. Use our simulator to estimate your real consumption and potential savings, then compare free quotes from certified installers in Luxembourg.